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RO – Receive Only, with a printer and no keyboard or built-in paper tape reader or punch.The configurations, in increasing order of equipment level and cost, were:
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Starting with the Model 28, Teletype page printer model numbers were often modified by letters indicating the configuration. The Teletype Corporation introduced the Model 28 as a commercial product in 1953, after this product had originally been designed for the US Military. Regarded as the most rugged machines that the Teletype Corporation built, this line of teleprinters used an exchangeable type box for printing, and a sequential selector "Stunt Box" to mechanically initiate non-printing functions within the typing unit of the page printer, electrically control functions within the page printer and electrically control external equipment. The Teletype Model 28 is a product line of page printers, typing and non-typing tape perforator and tape reperforators, fixed-head single contact and pivoted head multi-contact transmitter-distributors, and receiving selector equipment.
Rtty machine manual#
The platen and paper moved while typing, like a manual typewriter.
Rtty machine code#
The Teletype Model 26 is a Baudot code page printer a lower-cost machine using a typewheel. The Teletype Model 20 is an upper/lower case Type Bar Page Printer available as a receive only machine or a send-receive machine with four rows of keys, using a six-bit code for TeleTypeSetter (TTS) use. The Teletype Model 19 is a Model 15 with an integrated paper tape perforator and a Model 14 Transmitter-Distributor. Some radio stations still use a recording of the sound of one of these machines as background during news broadcasts. The Model 15, in its "receive only" configuration with no keyboard, was the classic "news Teletype" for decades. The production run was stretched somewhat by World War II - the Model 28 was scheduled to replace the Model 15 in the mid-1940s, but Teletype built so many factories to produce the Model 15 during World War II that it was more economical to continue mass production of the Model 15. The Model 15 stands out as one of a few machines that remained in production for many years, remaining in production until 1963, a total of 33 years of continuous production. Approximately 200,000 Model 15 teleprinters were built. This is the Teletype machine that was used by the news wire services until the 1970s. Kleinschmidt filed an application covering the commercial form of the Model 15 page printer. A reliable, heavy-duty machine with a cast frame. Thank you, Clive Sinclair, for bringing us these wonderful toys.The Teletype Model 15 is a Baudot code page printer the mainstay of U.S.
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Now everyone and his granny has a computer, and programming has become more or less a job for professionals. Back then, home computing was very much a hobbyist’s game. Today’s PCs, vastly more powerful and capable though they are, just aren’t as interesting. I can still remember the excitement of home computing in those early days. I think I have written morse tutors for every type of computer I have owned – it’s amazing that I am still so bad at reading the code! An article describing the morse tutor and a memory keyer for the ZX81 was published in Short Wave Magazine and was one of my first published articles. I wrote several programs including a morse tutor, which used a machine code routine for sending the actual code.
Rtty machine software#
Ah, those were the days!Īs a radio ham, I naturally was interested in writing ham radio software for the ZX81. One accidental jolt could interrupt the connection and crash the computer losing all your work. Every ZX81 owner is familiar with the term “wobbly RAM pack”. Like the Sinclair one, it fixed to the rear of the machine using an edge connector, with no other fixing. Later I upgraded the memory to 48Kb using a third party RAM pack (the standard RAM pack sold by Sinclair was only 16Kb.) This, too was built from a kit. The keyboard was a plastic membrane type. That was read and written by the CPU too, which generated wild patterns on the screen while it neglected its display duties. Programs were loaded and saved using a cheap cassette recorder. The screen was an ordinary black and white TV. Whenever your program executed, the screen went blank. For example, instead of a dedicated display processor the Z80 CPU generated the display. Innovative design was used to cut the cost of the ZX81. But unlike the Nascom, it had a built-in BASIC interpreter so you could still do more with that 1Kb and you didn’t have to program it in assembly code. I don’t remember how many soldered joints there were, but there were only four main chips. I seem to remember it cost £49 – much less than the Nascom. The ZX81 was also offered as a kit as well as a ready built version, so naturally I ordered the kit.